![]() ![]() Anatomical regions active during auditory imagery have been compared to actual auditory perception to understand the interactions between externally and internally driven cortical processes. 1996 Halpern and Zatorre 1999 Halpern 2001 Schürmann et al. 2007), and the supplementary motor area ( Mikumo 1994 Petsche et al. 2003), ventrolateral and dorsolateral cortices ( Meyer et al. 2009), the frontal cortex, the sylvian parietal temporal area ( Hickok et al. Brain areas consistently activated with fMRI during auditory imagery include the secondary auditory cortex ( Griffiths 1999 Kraemer et al. 2005) have confirmed the involvement of bilateral temporal lobe regions during auditory imagery (see Zatorre and Halpern 2005, for a review). 1996 Griffiths 1999 Halpern and Zatorre 1999 Rauschecker 2001 Halpern et al. For instance, lesion ( Zatorre and Halpern 1993) and brain imaging studies ( Zatorre et al. 2001), and how they compare to actual auditory perception. ![]() Previous studies have identified anatomical regions active during auditory imagery ( Kosslyn et al. Using a novel experimental paradigm to synchronize auditory imagery events to neural activity, we quantitatively investigated the neural representation of spectrotemporal auditory features during auditory imagery in an epileptic patient with proficient music abilities. Experimental investigation is difficult due to the lack of observable stimulus or behavioral markers during auditory imagery. Despite numerous behavioral and neuroimaging studies, it remains unclear how these auditory features are encoded in the brain during imagery. 2004), loudness ( Intons-Peterson 1992), and rhythm ( Halpern 1988) are preserved during auditory imagery. Behavioral studies have shown that structural and temporal properties of auditory features (see ( Hubbard 2010) for complete review), such as pitch ( Halpern 1989), timbre ( Pitt and Crowder 1992 Halpern et al. On an advanced level, professional musicians are able to imagine the sound of a piece of music by looking at its printed notes ( Meister et al. The experience of auditory imagery is common, such as when a song runs continually through someone’s mind. We found robust spectrotemporal receptive fields during auditory imagery with substantial, but not complete overlap in frequency tuning and cortical location compared to receptive fields measured during auditory perception.Īuditory cortex, electrocorticography, frequency tuning, spectrotemporal receptive fields IntroductionĪuditory imagery is defined here as the mental representation of sound perception in the absence of external auditory stimulation. In both conditions, we built encoding models to predict high gamma neural activity (70–150 Hz) from the spectrogram representation of the recorded sound. This novel task design provided a unique opportunity to apply receptive field modeling techniques to quantitatively study neural encoding during auditory mental imagery. In both conditions, the sound output of the keyboard was recorded, thus allowing precise time-locking between the neural activity and the spectrotemporal content of the music imagery. Second, the participant replayed the same piano pieces, but without auditory feedback, and the participant was asked to imagine hearing the music in his mind. First, the participant played 2 piano pieces on an electronic piano with the sound volume of the digital keyboard on. To assess this, we recorded electrocorticographic signals from an epileptic patient with proficient music ability in 2 conditions. Despite many behavioral and neuroimaging investigations, it remains unclear how the human cortex represents spectrotemporal sound features during auditory imagery, and how this representation compares to auditory perception.
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